Australia soccer team, 1922
playing against New Zealand, Wiki
Why did Australia, with its relatively small population, perform so well at team sports?
a] To create a distinct national identity in an area in which we could do very well! Victorious sports people often became national or even international heroes
b] Tolerable winters that encouraged outdoors sports
c] Sport enabled well-loved national values, like mateship, to be played out. Australians loudly demanded fair play; sports cheats were often chastised for being un-Australian.
a] To create a distinct national identity in an area in which we could do very well! Victorious sports people often became national or even international heroes
b] Tolerable winters that encouraged outdoors sports
c] Sport enabled well-loved national values, like mateship, to be played out. Australians loudly demanded fair play; sports cheats were often chastised for being un-Australian.
Soccer arrived in Australia with Britain immigrants in the 1870s, and the first formally organised club, The Wanderers, was founded in 1880 in Sydney. But it was not until 1911 that a governing body was formed to oversee soccer activities in the whole of Australia. Soccer never became the dominant sport in any Australian state, remaining the favoured sport only in large ethnic centres before after WW2.
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At first New South Wales Rugby Union started in Australia with the first club emerging in 1863 at Sydney University. And by the 1890s, clashes between colonial Rugby Union sides attracted thousands of fans paying to see games. But player discontent was spreading, with men needing payment for lost work-time and insurance for sporting injuries. Sadly Rugby’s strong amateur ethos meant no change happened.
Ditto Britain. Rugby became hugely popular in northern English industrial towns and
demands grew for players to be paid. When the Rugby Football Union refused to
allow professionalism in 1886 and 1893, northern rugby clubs met to found the Northern Union i.e League
Kangaroo Rugby League Team
National Australian Team, 1908
Rugby League, 1932
Australia Vs Britain
The early success of Rugby League depended on NSW player Herbert Dally Messenger. Approached by Sydney business man James Giltinan, trade unionist-Labour politician Henry Hoyle and champion cricketer Victor Trumper, Dally switched allegiance to League in 1907 and quickly emerged as the first superstar. Messenger’s first full season of Rugby league was played in 1908 when there were 9 clubs in Sydney. Then League spread north with the establishment of the Qld Rugby Association in 1909.
The ultimate clash between the two Rugby codes came before WW1. Returning from a successful tour of England, players from the Wallabies Australian Rugby Union side were invited to play against a representative League side, despite the threat of being banned from playing Union. Note the Wallabies’ leading players defected to League!
After struggling through its first two years of competition, Rugby League consolidated its position in 1910. Growing attendances at club games, inter-state and international fixtures reflected the game’s growing popularity and financial stability. An English side toured, followed by an Australasian tour of Britain in 1911–12.
The 15-man Union game was the only Rugby code offered to students in the Greater Public Schools of NSW, ever since they met at a decisive meeting in 1892 and decided to be Union-focused. After all Union was always a gentleman’s game. But more than that! The separation of Rugby codes between private and public schools clearly reflected NSW’s class and religious divide. In the early C20th, Rugby League administrators were associated with both the Labour Party and Catholicism - my spouse’s middle class Sydney school never allowed its boys to play a working-class sport.
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Australian Rules Football was organised into a competition in Victoria, and was codified in 1858 by the Australian Football League. And once inter-colonial football matches were being played by 1879, a national football governing body was needed. So with Rugby League being the code only in Qld and NSW, Australian Rules dominated all the other states and territories.
The Australian rules that developed did indeed come from Britain but became uniquely Australian by the later C19th. Sport and the National Imagination by Richard Cashman asked how sport affected the development of national consciousness in Australia? Rules reflected the uniqueness of Australian society because we were a large country with a small population. The nation had:
1] very large city footy fields compared to Rugby/soccer;
2] 18 players from each of the 2 teams on the ground together, so 36 players and 3 umpires; and
3] long game times (100 minutes plus time on). Australians wanted “Our Own Game”, so the existing rules of football had to be flexible, and reflective of Australian values.
3] long game times (100 minutes plus time on). Australians wanted “Our Own Game”, so the existing rules of football had to be flexible, and reflective of Australian values.
Fitzroy Australian Rules Club
in Melbourne, 1904
Spectacular mark/flying catch
Australian Rules Football, 1914
Australian Rules’ distinctive feature was the spectacular mark, high above the opposition players’ heads, allowing the marking player to run freely toward his own goal posts. Rugby games could never display such aerial elegance and soccer players couldn't use their hands. There was no offside rule; players could not score by carrying the ball between goal posts; umpires used a centre bounce to restart play after each goal; and goal umpires waved two flags to signal a goal and one flag to signal a behind/point.
18 comments:
I smiled at the first photograph. The two players lying in front of the others put me in mind of a pair of faithful dogs at their masters' knees.
Helen I saw the Anzac Day football match today in front of 95,100 excited people at the MCG. There was a very respectful ceremony to remember the young soldiers who died for their country in World World One, exactly right for a uniquely Australian sport.
jabblog
that team photo was taken in 1922, so the young men presumably survived WW1, worked hard all week at their jobs and didn't have a lot of money. So the opportunity to play together against New Zealand must have been wonderful for male bonding, team cohesiveness, Australian pride and travel for fun, not war. Sounds exactly like faithful dogs, yes :)
Deb
I don't barrack for Essendon or Collingwood, but it was a public holiday and I wanted to see if there was any impact on the Australian Rules game. The 18 men on each side, umpires, spare players, coaches and other staff, and squillions of people in the grandstands were very respectful, as were the national anthems of Australia and New Zealand. And the game itself was never intentionally violent or rude.
Hello Hels, British sports are confusing enough to us poor outsiders even without worrying about subsets of rules. All of those schoolboy books (P.G. Wodehouse's early stories, Tom Brown's School Days, etc.) get so confusing, and I'll admit boring, whenever a game starts. I usually read all pages of each book I begin, but I give myself permission to skip of few pages of these endless rugby/football/soccer/cricket games.
--Jim
p.s. American such stories are just as bad, but at least I know what game they are playing!
You are spot on why Australia is good in team sports. Love the histories you have presented.
Parnassus, welcome home:) I felt the same as you, when I saw the Japanese national sport sumo. Millions of Japanese were enthralled and I didn't understand why.
roentare,
In Carlton, it was free entry into the ground after half time, so I loved footy from the beginning. Then when my children were young, we did the same at StKilda footy ground - free after half time. One of the children lives overseas now, but he still watches the AFL every week on tv.
In 1980, the VFL understood that support for a Sydney team was growing rapidly. The VFL decided to establish a new VFL club in Sydney, and in June 1982, South Melbourne moved their home matches to Sydney while the players continued to live in Melbourne. By 1983 however, the club name had changed to Sydney Swans and operations had moved to the Harbour City entirely. The club didn’t seem to do well for a few years but eventually did very well financially and in winning games. Sydney became the greatest team in 2005 when it won the AFL Grand Final.
Amazing isn't it? How can a country have a truly national sport if the biggest city didn't have at least one team at the top level? I remember the bitter debates from the early 1980s, from both sides in Sydney and in Melbourne. Undoubtedly the late Dr Geoffrey Edelsten, who was the first private owner of a major Australian football team in 1985, made all the difference to Sydney Swan's professionalism.
Sorry, I can't help it.
Whenever sports is the subject, I can't help thinking of prof. Yeshayau Leibowitz's well-known opinion on football: " eleven hooligans running after a ball" :)
DUTA
The good professor was wrong. People who don't play in team sports are less fit, more lazy and don't share the same sense of community loyalty. However I agree that violence is unforgivable.
Boa noite de quinta-feira. Obrigado pela visita e comentário.
Minha querida amiga, não prático canoagem.
Luiz Gomes
Luiz
every nation tries to leave the world a very special contribution, an area in which that the nation is specially talented. It may be the arts, universities, literature, democratic law, medical research, architecture or religious leadership. For Australia it has definitely been sport, and perhaps for Brasil as well.
This a subject of interest to me as I am a great supporter of many sports. I should point out that average attendances at UK soccer matches were never below 10,000 from 1899. Now the average Premier League attendance is just under 40,000 and my team (West Ham United) gets 62,000 for most matches!
However, there can be no doubt that Australia punches well above it's weight in many sports. I love the cricket rivalry because we are so well-matched.
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bazza
I am with you, brother. Sport fans have such an exciting life :)
Although a person can become very fit and very admired from an individual sport like swimming, boxing or fencing, the true national excitement comes when teams work together towards their goal (pun intended). Before old age set in, I knew every Olympic gold medal winning nation in field hockey, soccer, netball, volleyball etc, but I wouldn't know a single wrestling medal winner EVER.
I don't really know anything about rugby, but I know some people love it. It's great that there are many types of team sports, especially for men before it became "OK" for them to be more outgoing with their emotions. It was a good way for some of them to be emotional with other men. I'm thinking how they get all slappy on the back when they win a game.
Erika
I agree. Men don't seem to have the same emotional ties to their families and friends that women have, so team sports develop a sense of community and male bonding that men need. I don't know anything about rugby either, but I do know a great deal about Australian Rules Football, soccer and field hockey.
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