Bristol
In 1680 he joined the Royal African Company/RAC company, formally headed by the Duke of York/later King James II, that had a monopoly on the west African slave trade. RAC branded all the slaves’ chests, even the children, with the RAC initials. Colston apparently sold c100,000 West Africans in the Caribbean and Americas between 1672-89, and it was through this London Co that Colston became very rich.
Colston used the enormous slave profits to move into money lending and mercantile businesses. He must have known that slavery was an abomination, because he sold his company shares to William Prince of Orange in 1689, after the latter led the Glorious Revolution and took the throne.
Colston developed his fame as a philanthropist who donated to charitable causes like schools and hospitals in Bristol and London. He even served as a Tory MP for Bristol. He died in 1721 and was respectfully buried in All Saints Church Bristol.
Colston developed his fame as a philanthropist who donated to charitable causes like schools and hospitals in Bristol and London. He even served as a Tory MP for Bristol. He died in 1721 and was respectfully buried in All Saints Church Bristol.
To honour the great philanthropist, Colston’s name permeated Bristol. Note independent Colston school, Colston Concert Hall, two Colston streets and the high-rise office block Colston Tower. And the 5.5-metre bronze Colston statue has stood as a memorial on Colston Ave since 1895.
But modern campaigners vigorously argued that the hideous slavery business mean his contribution to Bristol had to be reassessed. They decided in 2018 to change the statue’s plaque to describe his slave-trading, but a final wording was never agreed upon.
Bristol slave trader Edward Colston's statue in Bristol
Dropped into docks, to cheers all around.
In 2020 a petition with thousands of signatures said that whilst history shouldn’t be forgotten, these people who benefited from the enslavement of individuals do not deserve the honour of a statue. This should be reserved for those who bring about positive change and who fight for peace, equality and social unity. We hereby encourage Bristol city council to remove the Edward Colston statue. Bristol Museum said Colston’s statue was remaining because he never traded in enslaved Africans, on his own account.
Eventually, during Black Lives Matters protests, frustrated protesters toppled the statue of Edward Colston from its plinth, graffitied it and threw it into the docks. Bristol Council quickly retrieved it, then asked conservators to stabilise the statue’s condition.
Protesters across the US tore down and vandalised statues and memorials of Confederate soldiers and generals, following George Floyd's death in Minneapolis in 2020. As long the offensive statues etc are removed to a museum and preserved for history, I would be perfectly happy not to see Colston. But no random vandalism, please.
In 1768, when Capt James Cook (1728–79) set sail on the first of 3 voyages to the South Seas, he’d been ordered by the British Admiralty to seek a continent and take possession of it for the British King. Cook reached the southern coast of N.S.W in 1770 and sailed north, charting Australia’s coast and claiming the land for Britain in 1770. Cook transformed the way Europeans viewed the Pacific Ocean and its lands, dying for Britain in a Hawaiian Islands battle in 1779. His maps, journals, log books and paintings from Cook’s travels are preserved in NSW’s State Library.
A sculpture of Cook was erected in Catani Gardens in St Kilda, opposite the beach in Melbourne in 1914. And in 1973, a life-size bronze statue of Cook was sculpted and installed near Cook's Cottage, in beautiful Fitzroy Gardens.
Vandals poured paint on the Cook sculpture on Australia Day in 2018, scribbling the words No Pride beneath the feet, along with the Aboriginal flag. Then it was re-vandalised in 2019. That statue was covered with graffiti in 2020 when the words Destroy White Supremacy were scrawled on the stone. Similarly a statue of Captain Cook in Sydney was defaced.
It seemed that historical monuments around the world have been broken or dyed as Black Lives Matter protesters marched through the streets. In Australia the protesters called out Cook over his links to colonialism in a nation built on Aboriginal genocide.
In rebellion against Australia Day, called Invasion Day by the protesters, a group doused the Catani monument depicting Captain Cook in red paint. The statue was defaced and its base was papered with flyers proposing the abolition of Australia Day celebrations. The vandalism attracted curious locals, before the paint was hosed off by council workers.
In rebellion against Australia Day, called Invasion Day by the protesters, a group doused the Catani monument depicting Captain Cook in red paint. The statue was defaced and its base was papered with flyers proposing the abolition of Australia Day celebrations. The vandalism attracted curious locals, before the paint was hosed off by council workers.
covered in red paint.
But the authorities were unhappy. Port Phillip’s mayor said they had had “a very beautiful, fitting and respectful service with our traditional landowners this morning”. Minister for Multicultural Affairs said “Vandals are trashing our national heritage and should be prosecuted. Australia Day should be a great unifying day for our country, as it has been for decades." But then why didn't the protesters send a petition from every citizen in Port Phillip area? Or negotiate through the local Council?
But the authorities were unhappy. Port Phillip’s mayor said they had had “a very beautiful, fitting and respectful service with our traditional landowners this morning”. Minister for Multicultural Affairs said “Vandals are trashing our national heritage and should be prosecuted. Australia Day should be a great unifying day for our country, as it has been for decades." But then why didn't the protesters send a petition from every citizen in Port Phillip area? Or negotiate through the local Council?