14 April 2026

"The Stamp Thief" a good documentary

The Stamp Thief was a documentary investigating a Holocaust event: that some unknown Nazi stole priceless stamp collections from concentration camp victims and buried the stolen stamps in a small town in Poland. Producer Gary Gilbert set out to confirm the story and recover the stamps. His approach: do a fake film shoot. His goal: to deliver justice by returning the stamps to their rightful owners or community.

The Stamp Thief documentary was written by Gary Gilbert, 2025
Reddit

The film chased the story of a rogue Nazi officer tasked with cataloguing the valuables of Jews sent to concentration camps. Apparently he seized the chance to steal millions of dollars worth of rare stamps and buried them in his home, now in Poland. In a real-life mission, Gilbert embarked on a daring quest to uncover the truth and recover the stamps. Disguising his investigation, Gilbert sought to return the stamps to their rightful heirs or to a museum, delivering a small yet powerful act of justice 75+ years post-Holocaust. This true tale unfolded in the suspenseful documentary.

Director Dan Sturman was an investigative journalist and is now noted L.A-based director, writer and producer who created Academy Award-winning documentaries. Sturman has since filmed many subjects, his works including quality documentaries shown at classy festivals eg Twin Towers.

Sturman and Gilbert debated about finding stamps stolen by the Nazi officer and buried in a basement in Legnica Poland. Stamp Thief set out to find the stamps after hearing the story from his fellow screen writer, David Weisberg. Who could invent a more intriguing premise? David's father, psychiatrist   Paul Weisberg treated a fireman married to the daughter of the Nazi who allegedly stole the stamps from a concentration camp. 

Nazi Trio, found by producer Dylan Nelson
Film Freeway

Stamp Thief was a probing search: while the Nazis occupied Poland in WW2, the Nazi officer whose job was to catalogue valuables belonging to Jews sent to camps saw his chance. Sadly this was not the case of a hero who disobeyed orders and tried to help the victims of the Holocaust. The Nazi officer, who decided to pocket millions of dollars worth of stamps stolen from the victims, buried them in the basement of his home. Thanks to the discovery of a detailed map showing the approximate location of the stamps, a group of Americans flew to Poland.

 When the L.A television writer-producer learned that an SS officer probably stole stamps from Jewish concentration camp prisoners and hidden them in a Polish basement, the American launched a long quest to find the rumoured box of treasures, despite the minimal chance of locating them.

Sample of stamps from pre-WW2
JIFF

How Gilbert found about the stamps was an unlikely tale. It began with a psychiatrist who happened to have a patient in the 1970s. The patient told the story of the missing stamps, and the psychiatrist became so intrigued, he helped devise an elaborate retrieval plan to dig them up behind the Iron Curtain. He never followed through, but he shared the plan with his son, who happened to be an avid stamp collector. As the film unfolded, the pieces fell into place and the story became increasingly engrossing. The team that went to Poland in 2015 grew more invested in returning the stamps to their rightful owners. So does the audience!

The mission was steeped in symbolism. For Gilbert, a single stamp not only represented the many thousands of stamps stolen from Jews, but the 6 million who’d never reclaim their personal treasures. Gilbert knew the second he heard the story that he was going to go, because the only thing crazier than going would be to not go. What’s craziest was how Gilbert tried to retrieve the stamps. The more he talked to lawyers, the more he realised how difficult it was to get seized Jewish property out of Poland. So he planned to access the basement by pretending to use it as a film set for a fake historical drama. [It was hard labour, digging 4+’ into the basement ground that had been solid since WW2]. The Poland expedition meant deceiving the Polish building manager, residents and film crew, and members of the U.S team had to grapple with the ethics of their dishonesty!

The team included Sturman as well as Gilbert’s personal contractor who posed as the set designer. But Sturman really came to supervise the surreptitious dig for the stamps during fake rehearsals in the basement. Those involved all hoped that once the truth emerged, the misled people would see that the deceit happened to right a greater wrong.

Instead Polish reactions to discovering the truth were largely scary, but an unknown hero emerged in Polish crew member, Sylvia. She chose to fully support the Americans and their mission. Her decision as a Polish person was that each Polish person should have been self-responsible.

There were no criticisms in the on-line reviews, but here's my own feedback. I didn’t know the film was going to be about research and although that was my own fault, it was occasionally annoying. I wasn’t fascinated in their endless interviews, phone calls, meetings and letters. It might have been a fictional adaptation of the normal story of Nazis taking gold wedding rings & gold dental crowns from victims before they went into the gas chambers. And although I knew exactly why the team acted secretly and illegally as they did, the immorality of Lying for a Good Cause was barely tackled. 

I already knew that many modern Poles were still denying their nation’s part in the Holocaust. But the intractable mistrust between some Poles and Jewish Polish survivor families was not really challenged in the film.

Gary Gilbert, Judy Kirshner Gilbert, Elizabeth Malloy, Dan Sturman
in Hollywood, April 2025, 
Larchmontbuzz

 





11 April 2026

Tower of London: palace, execution, tours

After defeating the last Saxon king of England Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror/William I of England would con­trol his new kingdom. He distributed the conquered lands to his fav­our­ite nobles, a useful practice from wars in Norm­andy. They built motte-and-bailey forts and soldiers built a wooden tower to house the battal­ion, its weapons, horses, food and val­uables. The bar­r­acks could become a refuge, if the outer defences were breached. Around the hill, Norman soldiers built an enclosure for a well, rais­ing crops, feeding livestock and holding weap­ons. 


Upper photo: Tower of London
Lower photo: entrance through the Byward Towers
defended by the moat and draw­bridge

Post-Hastings William I wanted to stake his claim to Saxon lands and to control hostile subjects. Clergy­man Gundulf (1024–1108), who des­ig­ned castles & ch­ur­ches in France, became Bishop of Roch­ester in 1077 and was asked to design the new fort­ress-castle. In 1078, William ordered building the White Tower of London, a 90’ high square tower with tapering walls, soaring up over Lon­don. The 1st floor had liv­ing quarters, soldiers’ ref­ec­t­ory, dormitory and Roman­esque Chapel of St John. The 2nd floor’s rooms were for the con­stable/Tower’s comm­ander: a great hall, ch­apel gall­ery, meet­ing room and living-rooms. And there was a cellar.

The Tower took 20 years to build, only finished when William II had a stone wall built around the Tower. Then Gun­d­ulf began a stone curtain-wall enclosing land between the Tower and riv­er. Under Henry III (r1216-72) and Edward I (r1272-1307), the Tow­er reached today’s basic design: the central White Tower surround­ed by two curtain walls with their 20 towers. The main C13th entrance was via two cyl­ind­rical Byward Towers and defended by the moat and draw­bridge.

Two of the Tower’s early prisoners of state were King John the Good of France, taken in Battle of Poitiers in 1356; Char­les Duke of Orléans, captured at Agincourt in 1415.

When King Edward IV died in 1483, Richard Duke of Glouc­ester became lord protector of his son Edward V. Glouc­ester put Ed­ward and his young brother Richard Duke of York in the Tower, awaiting Edward V’s coronation. But spurred on by Glouc­es­ter, Parl­iam­ent made the 2 princes illegitimate, confirming Glouc­ester as King Richard III. Were the young Princes in the Tower mur­d­ered in the Tower in mid 1483?

Inmates wrote of torture in Bell Tower records and torture objects used in 1500s & 1600s are in the Royal Arm­ouries.

By the 1500s Henry VII abandoned his Tower Palace home after losing his firstborn son. His most lasting contribution was founding the Tower Yeo­men of the Guard, direct ancestors of today’s Yeoman Warders/beefeaters.

Yeomen of the Guard
guarded the tower interior, including the crown jewels

Then the site became a notorious prison, the Tower’s most famous prisoners being gaoled by nasty King Henry VIII. When Henry sought to divorce Cather­ine of Aragon and split from the Cath­olic Church, Thomas More wouldn’t accept the king as supreme head of the Church of England. More was gaoled in the Tower, convicted of treason and executed.

2 of Henry’s wives went to the Tower. Anne Boleyn gave him one daug­h­t­er (later Elizabeth I) but no sons, so Anne was arrested for treason & executed in 1536. Henry’s 5th wife, Catherine Howard, was arrested & executed for adultery.

Inevitably the Catholics and Protestants battled on. Young King Ed­ward VI, who’d been raised a Prot­es­tant, created his Device for the Succ­es­sion (1553), dis­inheriting his Catholic half-sister Mary and his Prot­estant half-sister Elizabeth. Instead his crown passed through his aunt’s line to her Prot­estant granddaughter Jane Grey. But noone told Jane & only 3 days after Edward’s death in 1553 she became became queen anyhow. Queen Jane quickly lost the support of her entire Privy Council; in 1553 the Catholic Mary was formally declared by Parl­iament as the next mon­ar­ch. And although Queen Mary rel­uc­t­antly signed Jane’s death warrant, Jane’s trial and execution quickly followed.

 (ex Queen) Jane Grey was executed, 1553
Historic UK

Queen Mary’s fears about usurpers continued. She gaoled her half sister, Princess Elizabeth-whom Mary believed had masterminded the plots. So in 1554, 20-year-old Eliz­a­b­eth was also kept under house arrest in the Tower, living as mum Anne Boleyn had. Still, finding no evidence of treason, Mary moved Elizabeth from the Tower to house-arrest elsewhere.

Mary died in 1558 and Elizabeth took the throne. The new queen still used the Tower to hold enemies of the crown; from Walter Raleigh to Guy Fawkes, infamous prisoners and deaths at the Tower maintained its notorious reputation. Even Samuel Pepys was ac­cus­ed of complic­ity in the Popish Plot, selling naval secrets to France and piracy. He was imprisoned there in 1679 and eventual­ly disch­arged, but was later re-gaoled for plotting to restore exiled King James.

The Tower also stored chancery records, relating to diplomatic corr­es­­p­on­dence and government­ decisions, plus pr­operty ownership docu­m­ents and tax­at­ion. The Records Office was in the Wake­field Tower, the largest in the Tower of London complex, where it remained un­til 1858. Only then did the Public Records Office move to Chancery Lane.

Now the blood has been cleaned up, the Tower is London’s most famous tourist site. Admire the Crown Jewels, including the coron­ation reg­a­lia worn at a new monarch’s investiture, and the cerem­on­ial regalia worn at the State Op­ening of Parliament. St Edward’s Crown is a C17th replace­ment for Saxon King Edward the Confessor’s crown.

Crown jewels
British Heritage
  


07 April 2026

Life expectancy 2025, country & gender

Life Expectancy at birth of the world's populations, based on the latest United Nations Population Division estimates.

World Map Life Expectancy at Birth, UN 2023, Wiki:

Dark green: Aus & NZ, Canada, Japan, W & Sth Europe etc
Light greens: USA, Brasil, Peru, Chile, China, Russia, Algeria..
Yellow & Orange: Sth Africa, Egypt, Libya, Zambia, Angola..

Countries ranked by life expectancy (2025):
 

Rank

Country  

Life Expectancy

both sexes

Females Life

Expectancy

Males Life

Expectancy

1

Hong Kong

85.77

88.39

83.1

2

Japan            

85

88.03

81.99

3

South Korea 

84.53

87.4

81.44



5

Switzerland

84.23

86.06

82.34

6

Australia

84.21

85.97

82.43

7

Italy

84.03

86.01

81.94

8

Singapore

84

86.48

81.53

9

Spain

83.96

86.59

81.27


11

Malta

83.63

85.51

81.69

12

Norway

83.61

85.09

82.11

13

France

83.58

86.31

80.73

14

Sweden

83.58

85.34

81.84

15

Macao

83.42

85.49

81.26

16

UnArabEmir

83.23

84.44

82.37

17

Iceland

83.15

84.57

81.8


19

Canada

82.88

85.03

80.74

20

Israel

82.77

84.81

80.67

21

Ireland

82.75

84.72

80.79

22

Portugal

82.72

85.37

79.89

23

Qatar

82.68

83.6

81.96

24

Luxemb'g

82.49

84.06

80.91

25

Neth'lands

82.45

83.98

80.89

26

Belgium

82.43

84.57

80.26


28

New Zealand

82.39

84

80.77

29

Austria

82.29

84.57

79.97

30

Denmark

82.25

84.1

80.39

31

Finland

82.24

84.91

79.6

32

Greece

82.22

84.6

79.74

33

Puerto Rico

82.08

85.5

78.5

34

Cyprus

81.99

83.93

80.05

35

Slovenia

81.94

84.58

79.33

36

Germany

81.71

84.01

79.42

37

U. Kingdom

81.6

83.45

79.72

38

Bahrain

81.58

82.26

81.03

39

Chile

81.54

83.37

79.67



41

Costa Rica

81.19

83.72

78.6

42

Taiwan

80.94

83.88

78.09

43

Kuwait

80.78

82.15

79.63

44

Oman

80.45

82.21

78.95

45

Czechia

80.11

82.85

77.35

46

Panama

79.96

82.84

77.1

47

Albania

79.95

81.74

78.12

48

United States

79.61

82.11

77.22

49

Estonia

79.48

83.3

75.35

50

Saudi Arabia

79.19

81.51

77.56

51

New Caldnia

79.07

81.53

76.63

52

Poland

78.98

82.61

75.31

53

Croatia

78.92

81.95

75.8

54

Slovakia

78.65

81.84

75.41

55

Uruguay

78.45

82.17

74.59

56

Cuba

78.45

80.84

76.06

57

China

78.37

81.25

75.65

58

BosniaHerz.

78.24

81.23

74.88

59

Jordan

78.13

80.46

76.06

60

Peru

78.12

80.45

75.82

61

Colombia

78.09

80.77

75.36

62

Lebanon

78.08

79.99

76.02

63

Iran

78.05

79.99

76.22

64

Antigua Bar

77.94

80.6

74.93

65

Sri Lanka

77.85

80.9

74.65

66

 Turkey         

77.82

80.82

74.94

67

Ecuador

77.76

80.46

75.08

68

Argentina

77.69

80.16

75.14

69

Nth Maced

77.68

79.83

75.41

70

Guam

77.63

81.74

73.89

71

Montenegro

77.43

80.6

74.12

72

FrenchGuian

77.37

80.3

74.52

73

Hungary

77.33

80.46

74.07

74

Curaçao

77.17

81.1

72.87

75

Serbia

77.14

80.35

73.89

76

Malaysia

76.99

79.67

74.63

77

Tunisia

76.9

79.5

74.34

78

Thailand

76.83

81.17

72.65

79

Algeria

76.69

78.13

75.3

80

Aruba

76.64

79.06

73.99

81

Barbados

76.49

78.91

73.93

82

Latvia

76.48

80.72

71.94



85

Lithuania

76.32

80.92

71.61

86

Romania

76.25

79.82

72.74

87

Brazil

76.2

79.3

73.14

88

Armenia

76.01

79.73

71.76

89

Bulgaria

75.96

79.51

72.52

90

US Virgin Is

75.92

81.6

70.95

91

Morocco

75.68

77.96

73.54

92

Brunei

75.67

77.9

73.65

93

Grenada

75.52

78.64

72.67

94

Mexico

75.45

78.17

72.63

95

Mauritius

75.27

78.5

72.28

96

Nicaragua

75.27

77.74

72.64

97

Bangladesh

75.19

76.94

73.55

98

Vietnam

74.88

79.49

70.23

99

Ukraine

74.86

79.54

69.99

100

Bahamas

74.86

78.46

71.21

101

Georgia

74.82

79.36

69.93

102

Belarus

74.79

79.37

69.94


104

Kazakhstan

74.67

78.65

70.43

105

Paraguay

74.11

77.22

71.14

106

DomincnRep

73.99

77.23

70.79



109

North Korea

73.86

76.02

71.66



112

Russia

73.52

79.32

67.69


115

Libya

73.19

75.26

71.23


117

St. Palestine

73.1

76.86

69.72

118

India72.4874.1370.95

119

Syria

72.99

75.42

70.58

120

Guatemala

72.89

75.21

70.57

121

Venezuela

72.84

76.82

69.05

122

Uzbekistan

72.66

75.7

69.68

123

Iraq

72.53

74.33

70.59



Apologies for the other (mainly tiny) countries that I ran out of space for.

Our World In Data explains a problem. The term "life expectancy" refers to the number of years a person can expect to live. By definition, life expectancy is based on an estimate of the average age that members of a particular population group will be when they die. In practice, however, things are often more complicated. 

An important distinction is the difference between cohort and period life expectancy. The cohort life expectancy is the average life length of a particular group of individuals born in a given year. When we can track a group of people born in a particular year, many decades ago, and observe the exact date in which each one of them died, we can calculate this cohort's life expectancy by simply calculating the average of the ages of all members when they died.

You can think of period life expectancy in a particular year as the age a person born in that year would expect to live if the average age of death did not change over their lifetime. It is of course not possible to know this metric before all members of the cohort have died. Imagine that every over-65 year old in USA died in the 3 years of  Covid, the average age of the U.S population would have gone down marginally by 2024; new-born babies born in 2024 would not have been impacted by the epidemic. Imagine, however if every 18-25 year old male died in the Ukrainian War, the country's average age would have fallen severely. And since women live longer on average than men in every country, killing mainly men in war would make the gender difference even more in favour of (lonely) women.

Women enjoying their retirement together
Cascade Living Group

Because of that, statisticians commonly track members of a particular cohort and predict the average death age for them using a combination of observed mortality rates for past years and projections about mortality rates for future years.

Gloral average life expectancy rose from 32 in 1900.. to 73 in 2023
Our World in Data