tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post6533941100421020502..comments2024-03-29T15:04:20.549+11:00Comments on ART and ARCHITECTURE, mainly: The Versailles Peace Treaty (1919) was doomed to failHelshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02849907428208235392noreply@blogger.comBlogger23125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-87481187350109063322019-08-02T10:30:53.346+10:002019-08-02T10:30:53.346+10:00Woofwoof
I agree, but I wonder how much the world...Woofwoof<br /><br />I agree, but I wonder how much the world learns from history. France, Britain and the USA were so caught up their own urgent agendas that they didn't even consider a peace treaty that was "restrictive militarily but generous economically with no attempt to humiliate". And to exclude Russia from the peace process was the most counter-productive humiliation of all.Helshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02849907428208235392noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-57107343034077488682019-08-01T18:15:02.289+10:002019-08-01T18:15:02.289+10:00It's interesting to compare how the victorious...It's interesting to compare how the victorious side behaved after ww2 where basically the severe military restrictions were imposed but there were no reparations and every effort was made to help the federal Republic to build up its economy. Undoubtedly this policy has been spectacularly successful (ditto similar treatment of Japan). If only a similar policy had been followed after ww1 ie restrictive militarily but generous economically with no attempt to humiliate, history might have been different? Woofwoofhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/11661351275523227767noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-41434558075001806222019-06-10T16:46:31.131+10:002019-06-10T16:46:31.131+10:00heritagpoliceman
I most definitely do not believe...heritagpoliceman<br /><br />I most definitely do not believe that they simply accepted that there may be another war. So many millions of young men died in the armed forces, and so many civilians as well, that EVERY participating nation believed it was the War to End All Wars. <br /><br />Interesting that you mention Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Ukraine. My family came from Ukraine and my in-laws came from the part of Czechoslovakia that became Hungary!! Thank you.Helshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02849907428208235392noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-45909180890832327772019-06-10T11:26:01.631+10:002019-06-10T11:26:01.631+10:00Oh yes hard to believe now but the terms of the tr...Oh yes hard to believe now but the terms of the treaty were all about punishment and defendable borders, which of course just led to resentment, and fodder for the next war - I guess they simply accepted that there might be another war despite the awful horror of the one they just had! Don’t forget the creation of the Danzig corridor too, splitting off East Prussia completely, and not incorporating what later was called the Sudetenland, the German speaking fringes of Chechaslovakia. It was a time of the ending of multi-ethnic empires, which had allowed mixing of different ‘nationalities’, so for instance many Hungarian speakers found themselves in Romania and Ukrainian speakers in Poland, and Yiddish communities everywhere. Single ethnic states only came about after WW2, with great explulsians and sufferering - though Romania still has a large Hungarian population! heritagpolicemanhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/17163811027382205932noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-26973808720535819162019-06-03T20:29:00.311+10:002019-06-03T20:29:00.311+10:00Thank you BBC Four
Why wasn't Turkey included...Thank you BBC Four<br /><br />Why wasn't Turkey included in the Versailles Treaty? Russia had already negotiated their treaty with the Ottoman Empire in 1918. And the Treaty of Versailles was signed with the German Empire which annulled German concessions in the Ottoman sphere.<br /><br />So it wasn't until the Treaty of Sèvres was signed in August 1920 that the Ottoman Empire was broken up and ceded to the Allies eg the British Mandate for Palestine and the French Mandate for Lebanon etc. Armenia became an independent state, but I cannot find what the Treaty of Sevres said about the extermination of 1.5 million Armenians in the old Ottoman Empire, or reparations.Helshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02849907428208235392noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-55332927956606756962019-06-03T20:02:59.445+10:002019-06-03T20:02:59.445+10:00steffan
welcome aboard. Let me know what your fav...steffan<br /><br />welcome aboard. Let me know what your favourite types of architecture are.Helshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02849907428208235392noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-1548620306814700352019-06-03T16:59:19.708+10:002019-06-03T16:59:19.708+10:00Really great post regarding art and architectures,...Really great post regarding art and architectures, It will really helpful for architectures. Keep giving updates.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.vanbrouck.com/" rel="nofollow">Architects Birmingham Michigan</a>steffanronan05@gmail.comhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/18217849463418121682noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-90715041033031655952019-06-03T15:44:32.025+10:002019-06-03T15:44:32.025+10:00The Ottoman Empire, Germany's ally, summoned a...The Ottoman Empire, Germany's ally, summoned all Muslims to Jihad to overthrow Allied power in the Middle East. Turkey's search for scapegoats after defeat by the Russians at Sarakamish led to the mass-deportation of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire. Perhaps 800,000 Armenians died in all. The Allies initially thought Turkey would be a pushover, but Turkey tied up Allied troops across the Middle East for four years, winning triumphantly at Gallipoli with terrible losses on both sides, and then at Kut, south of Baghdad, forcing the British into humiliating surrender.<br /><br />BBC Four<br />The First World War, episode 4BBC Fourhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01rp9tfnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-54464372628561421262019-06-03T09:48:45.301+10:002019-06-03T09:48:45.301+10:00Student,
spot on! The only financial catastrophe ...Student,<br /><br />spot on! The only financial catastrophe I mentioned in the post was the Great Depression. Actually we should be looking back to 1914, to see how Germany planned to pay the huge costs of managing WW1. German Emperor Wilhelm and the German parliament voted to fund the war by borrowing, which of course devalued the mark.<br /><br />The Germans believed that they would be able to pay off the debt by winning the war, especially when Germany would be able to absorb resource-rich industrial lands from both borders. Plus reparations from France, Britain and Russia. No wonder there was hyper-inflation in Germany, once they lost the war, which The Treaty of Versailles only aggravated.Helshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02849907428208235392noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-40975361373673942942019-06-02T23:05:04.090+10:002019-06-02T23:05:04.090+10:00Asmah
not only was the Versailles Treaty fascina...Asmah <br /><br />not only was the Versailles Treaty fascinating for my history students. Now I am thinking it is also important for future political thinking.Helshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02849907428208235392noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-40941981276525506112019-06-02T21:54:26.136+10:002019-06-02T21:54:26.136+10:00Great article. Glad to read. Thank you for posting...Great article. Glad to read. Thank you for posting this.<br />Annaya recent posted <a href="https://learnunique.online/ramadan-2019/" rel="nofollow"><br />ramadan 2019</a><br /><br /><br />Asmahhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/14534770791403880204noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-7278218857014861842019-06-02T20:34:09.602+10:002019-06-02T20:34:09.602+10:00This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-1026929984820892942019-06-02T10:35:46.970+10:002019-06-02T10:35:46.970+10:00Hel how were the debts to be paid back? The German...Hel how were the debts to be paid back? The German mark lost its value. Student of Historynoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-16855738336058493952019-06-01T19:48:31.911+10:002019-06-01T19:48:31.911+10:00Parnassus
Yes and no. Yes because there was no wa...Parnassus<br /><br />Yes and no. Yes because there was no way each country could understand its own allies, let alone understand the other side. But no, because this was the greatest catastrophe in modern history, the War To End All Wars!! Both sides were obliged to find true agreement, however long it took.Helshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02849907428208235392noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-33846883229904051882019-06-01T19:39:59.774+10:002019-06-01T19:39:59.774+10:00Hilary
True about hindsight *nod*. Life was not, ...Hilary<br /><br />True about hindsight *nod*. Life was not, and is not simple. At the time the treaty was signed in 1919, Russia was excluded, France was still angry about losing Alsace Lorraine decades early, the USA isolationists hated participating in a European war, Italy was still distrusted over its invasion of Libya. Helshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02849907428208235392noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-39636598966097526812019-06-01T19:29:31.961+10:002019-06-01T19:29:31.961+10:00Andrew
Had the Weimar Republic stayed intact, Ger...Andrew<br /><br />Had the Weimar Republic stayed intact, Germany and France etc probably would have stayed true to their obligations. But once the Fascists defeated the elected government of Germany in 1933, in the worst Depression ever, undying hatred took over on both sides.Helshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02849907428208235392noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-57541051108120759262019-06-01T19:22:38.641+10:002019-06-01T19:22:38.641+10:00Joseph,
tricky! Everyone says the war was caused...Joseph,<br /> <br />tricky! Everyone says the war was caused by the assassination of the Emperor's nephew in Sarajevo in June 1914. But the negotiations over military alliances (on both sides) started years earlier than 1914, as did the First and Second Balkan Wars (1912 and 1913).Helshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02849907428208235392noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-53321496562221848452019-06-01T19:15:41.867+10:002019-06-01T19:15:41.867+10:00Mike
Thanks ��. I did plenty of history at schoo...Mike <br /><br />Thanks ��. I did plenty of history at school and uni, but history is written (or rewritten) by the winners. Thus a relook at Versailles is long overdue.Helshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02849907428208235392noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-7896620744270730362019-06-01T18:37:32.004+10:002019-06-01T18:37:32.004+10:00Hello Hels, The Versailles Treaty clearly did not ...Hello Hels, The Versailles Treaty clearly did not utilize the basic tenets of human psychology. On the other hand, if it gave more face to the defeated, it would have amounted to a slap on the wrist that would have encouraged renewed aggression anyway. Clearly, both in what it spelled out and what it didn't, the seeds of WWII were planted in the Versailles treaty.<br />--JimParnassushttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08958901307538141468noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-75660270441416520162019-06-01T18:30:57.079+10:002019-06-01T18:30:57.079+10:00Hi Hels - thanks for enlightening me ... history i...Hi Hels - thanks for enlightening me ... history is a muddled affair - because we cannot see the circumstances ahead. The world changed so much then ... life is not simple. HilaryHilary Melton-Butcherhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/17596532480645510678noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-15108694689808386582019-06-01T10:45:42.550+10:002019-06-01T10:45:42.550+10:00While I knew about the treaty, I did not know what...While I knew about the treaty, I did not know what the treaty actually spelt out. Thanks. The victors of WWI were not magnanimous in victory and clearly the punishment meted out was too severe.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-74789127461661992802019-06-01T10:32:25.132+10:002019-06-01T10:32:25.132+10:00I think the peace terms should have depended on wh...I think the peace terms should have depended on who started the war and why?Josephnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3067098918914268503.post-15661440514734453452019-06-01T10:00:54.230+10:002019-06-01T10:00:54.230+10:00Excellent article, Hels! Excellent article, Hels! Mike@Bit About Britainhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08741370413282813229noreply@blogger.com